Copper

Copper's exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity make it indispensable in automotive electrical systems. As vehicles become increasingly electrified, copper content per vehicle has grown dramatically, with electric vehicles containing 2-3 times more copper than conventional vehicles. In automotive applications, copper appears primarily in wiring harnesses, which can contain several kilometers of copper wire in modern vehicles. The material's ductility allows it to be drawn into fine wires, while its conductivity ensures efficient power transmission with minimal losses. Copper also features in electric motors, generators, transformers, and battery systems. Beyond electrical applications, copper alloys (such as brass and bronze) serve in cooling systems, brake lines, and various fittings. Copper's antimicrobial properties are increasingly valued in high-touch surfaces. The material's excellent thermal conductivity makes it essential in heat exchangers and radiators. While aluminum has replaced copper in some applications for weight savings, copper's superior conductivity ensures its primacy in electrical systems.